The Governance of Knowledge
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/isegoria.2013.048.13Keywords:
science, policy, knowledge politics, regulationAbstract
Legal measures and instruments that assess the technological risks are becoming increasingly important and controversial. In this article I propose that currently many conflicts over technological risks are not because there is no regulation, but because there is a generalization of policies based on science. The explanation is that the evaluation uses a misleading conception of scientific knowledge. Science for governing society requires a previous reflection on the dynamics of knowledge and its government.
Downloads
References
Beck, U.; Giddens, A. y Lash, S. (1994): Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order, Cambridge, Polity.
Berkhout, F.; Leach, M. y Scoones, I. (2004): Negotiating Environmental Change: New Perspectives from Social Science, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.
Chavas, J.P. (2004): Risk Analysis in Theory and Practice, London, Elsevier Academic Press.
Cooke, R.M. (1982): "Risk Assessment and Rational Decision Theory", Dialectica, Vol. 36, Nº 4, pp. 329-351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.1982.tb01547.x
Covello, V.T.; Menkes, J. y Mumpower, J. (1986): Risk Evaluation and Management, New York, Plenum Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2103-3
Echeverria, J. (2002): Ciencia y valores, Madrid, Destino. PMCid:PMC1740278
Echeverria, J. (2003): La revolución tecnocientífica, Mexico, FCE.
Eizagirre, A. (2009): "Las nuevas iniciativas europeas sobre ciencia y sociedad", Sistema, Nº 210, pp. 3-22.
Eizagirre, A. (2011): "La precaución como principio de acción sostenible", Isegoria, Nº 44, pp. 303-324.
Funtowicz, S. y Ravetz, J.R. (1999): "Post-Normal Science: An Insight Now Maturing", Futures, Vol. 31, Nº 7, pp. 641-646.
Garvin, T. (2001): "Analytical Paradigms: The Epistemological Distances Between Scientists, Policy Makers, and the Public", Risk Analysis, Vol. 21, Nº 3, pp. 443-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0272-4332.213124 PMid:11572425
Giddens, A. (1990): The Consequences of Modernity, Cambridge, Polity. PMCid:PMC53469
Graham, J.D y Rhomberg, L. (1996): "How Risks Are Identified and Assessed", ANNALS, Nº 545, pp. 15-24.
Grundmann, R. y Stehr, N. (2003): "Social Control and Knowledge in Democratic Societies", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 30, Nº 3, pp. 183-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154303781780524
Hansson, S.O. (1996): "Decision Making under Great Uncertainty", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, Vol. 26, Nº 3, pp. 369-386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004839319602600304
Heimann, C.F.L. (1997): Acceptable Risks, Ann Arbor, Michigan University Press.
Irwin, A. (2006): "The Politics of Talk: Coming to Terms with the `New´ Scientific Governance", Social Studies of Science, Vol. 36, Nº 2, pp. 299-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312706053350
Irwin, A.; Rothstein, H.; Yearley, S. y McCarthy, E. (1997): "Regulatory Science: Towards a Sociological Framework", Futures, Vol. 29, Nº 1, pp. 17-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-3287(96)00063-8
Jaeger, C.C.; Renn, O.; Rosa, E.A. y Webler, T. (2001): Risk, Uncertainty and Rational Action, London, Earthscan.
Jasanoff, S. (1990): The Fifth Branch: Scientific Advisors as Policymakers, Cambridge, Harvard University Press. PMid:17811855
Jasanoff, S. (1993): "Bridging the Two Cultures of Risk Analysis", Risk Analysis, Vol. 13, Nº 2, pp. 123-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb01057.x
Jasanoff, S. (2005): Designs on Nature: Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press.
Jasanoff, S. (ed.) (2004): States of Knowledge: The Co-Production of Science and Social Order, London, Routledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203413845
Krimsky, S. y Goulding, D. (eds.) (1992): Social Theories of Risk, Westport, Praeger. PMid:1574615
Latour, B. (1998): "From the World of Science to the World of Research?", Science, Vol. 280, Nº 5361, pp. 208-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5361.208
Lave, L.B. (ed.) (1987): Risk Assessment and Management, New York, Plenum Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6443-7 PMCid:PMC1646833
Leach, M.; Scoones, I. y Wynne, B. (eds.) (2005): Science and Citizens. Globalization and the Challenge of Engagement, London, Zed Books.
Lentchs, J. y Weingart, P. (eds.) (2011): The Politics of Scientific Advice, Institutional Design for Quality Assurance, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Leshner, A.I. (2004): "Where Science Meets Society",Science, Vol. 307, Nº 5711, p. 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1110260 PMid:15705810
López Cerezo, J.A. y Lujan, J.L. (2000): Ciencia y política del riesgo, Madrid, Alianza.
MacMillan, T. (2004): Engaging in Innovation: Towards an Integrated Science Policy, London, IPPR.
Maasen, S. y Weingart, P. (eds.) (2005): Democratization of Expertise? Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook, Dordrecht, Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3754-6 PMid:16289462
McDaniels, T. y Small, M. (eds.) (2004): Risk Analysis and Society: An Interdisciplinary Characterization of the Field, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. PMid:15112789
Molak, V. (ed.) (1997): Fundamentals of Risk Analysis and Risk Management, New York, Lewis.
Nowotny, H.; Scott, P. y Gibbons, M. (2001): Re-Thinking Science: Knowledge and the Public in an Age of Uncertainty, Cambridge, Polity. PMCid:PMC96016
Perrow, Ch. (1999): Normal Accidents, New York, Basic Books.
Radder, H. (1986): "Experiment, Technology and the Intrinsic Connection Between Knowledge and Power", Social Studies of Science, Vol. 16, Nº 4, pp. 663-683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030631286016004005
Renn, O. (1992): "Concepts of Risk: A Classification", in Krismky, S. y Goulding, D. (eds.) (1992), Social Theories of Risk, pp. 53-79. Westport, Praeger.
Renn, O. (2008): Risk Governance: Coping with Uncertainty in a Complex World, Oxford, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Roqueplo, P. (1995): "Scientific Expertise Among Political Powers, Administrations and Public Opinion", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 22, Nº. 3, pp. 175-182.
Rothstein, H.; Irwin, A.; Yearley, S. y McCarthy, E. (1999): "Regulatory Science. Europeanisation and the Control of Agrochemical", Science, Technology & Human Values, Vol. 24, Nº 2, pp. 241-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016224399902400203
Rowe, G. y Wright, G. (2001): "Differences in Expert and Lay Judgements of Risk: Myth or Reality?", Risk Analysis, Vol. 21, Nº.2, pp. 341-356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0272-4332.212116 PMid:11414542
Rowe, W.D. (1992): "Risk Analysis: A Tool for Policy Decisions", in Waterstone, M. (ed.), Risk and Society: The Interaction of Science, Technology and Public Policy, pp. 17-31, Dordrecht, Kluwer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3634-1_2
Shackley, S. y Wynne, B. (1996): "Representing Uncertainty in Global Climate Change Science and Policy: Boundary-Ordering Devices and Authority", Science, Technology and Human Values, Vol. 21, Nº. 3, pp. 275-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016224399602100302
Shrader-Frechette, K. (1991): Risk and Rationality: Philosophical Foundations for Populist Reforms, Berkeley, University of California Press. PMid:1777021
Stehr, N. (2000): "Policing Knowledge", in Maasen, S. y Winterhager, M. (eds.), Science Studies: Probing the Dynamics of Scientific Knowledge, pp. 259-290, Munich, Transcript Verlag.
Stehr, N. (ed.) (2005): Knowledge Politics. Governing the Consequences of Science and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, Paradigm Publishers. PMCid:PMC1214679
Wilsdon, J. y Willis, R. (2004): Seethrough Science: Why Public Engagement Needs to Move Upstream, London, Demos. PMid:15830447
Wynne, B. (1982): "Institutional Mythologies and Dual Societies in the Management of Risk", in Kunreuther, H. y Ley, E. (eds.) (1982), The Risk Analysis Controversy: An Institutional Perspective, pp. 127-143, Berlin, Springer-Verlag.
Wynne, B. (2002): "Risk and Environmental as Legitimatory Discourses of Technology: Reflexivity Inside Out?", Current Sociology, 50 (3): 459-477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392102050003010
Wynne, B. (2005): "Risk as Globalizing 'Democratic' Discourse"? Framing Subjects and Citizens", in Leach, M.; Scoones, I. y Wynne, B. (eds.) (2005), Science and Citizens. Globalization and the Challenge of Engagement, 66-82, London, Zed Books.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2013 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the print and online versions of this journal are the property of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the licence. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 licence must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the final version of the work produced by the publisher, is not allowed.